Sulfide dyes yog ib hom sulfur-muaj dyes nrog complex molecular qauv.Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qee cov tshuaj tsw qab amines, aminophenols thiab lwm cov organic compounds rhuab nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide, uas yog, vulcanized.
Sulfide dyes yog feem ntau insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, thiab thaum dyeing, lawv yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv sodium sulfide los yog alkaline pov hwm hmoov tov kom txo tau leaches, thiab ces oxidized los qhia cov xim tom qab fiber ntau nqus.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm sulfur dyes
Vulcanized dyes tau tsim los rau cellulose fiber dyeing thawj zaug txij li xyoo 1873, thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab amines lossis phenolic compounds tov nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide thiab rhuab.Tus nqi qis, siv tau yooj yim, tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau kev ntxuav kom zoo thiab lub hnub ceev ceev, yog cov xim nrov.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws yog chav dej-insoluble dyes, thaum dyeing, lawv raug txo kom soluble lemony sodium ntsev hauv alkali sulfide tov, tom qab dyeing tib neeg fiber ntau, tom qab oxidation los ua insoluble lub xeev tsau ntawm fiber, yog li cov txheej txheem dyeing yog. complex, thiab nyob rau hauv muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob yuav tsis siv rau ntaub plaub, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam protein fibers.
Yog li ntawd, vulcanized dyes feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv dyeing ntawm cellulose fibers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dyeing ntawm maub cov khoom ntawm paj rwb fabrics, uas ob xim ntawm sulfide dyes yog ib hom sulfur-muaj dyes nrog complex molecular qauv.Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qee cov tshuaj tsw qab amines, aminophenols thiab lwm cov organic compounds rhuab nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide, uas yog, vulcanized.
Sulfide dyes yog feem ntau insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, thiab thaum dyeing, lawv yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv sodium sulfide los yog alkaline pov hwm hmoov tov kom txo tau leaches, thiab ces oxidized los qhia cov xim tom qab fiber ntau nqus.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm sulfur dyes
Vulcanized dyes tau tsim los rau cellulose fiber dyeing thawj zaug txij li xyoo 1873, thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab amines lossis phenolic compounds tov nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide thiab rhuab.Tus nqi qis, siv tau yooj yim, tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau kev ntxuav kom zoo thiab lub hnub ceev ceev, yog cov xim nrov.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws yog chav dej-insoluble dyes, thaum dyeing, lawv raug txo kom soluble lemony sodium ntsev hauv alkali sulfide tov, tom qab dyeing tib neeg fiber ntau, tom qab oxidation los ua insoluble lub xeev tsau ntawm fiber, yog li cov txheej txheem dyeing yog. complex, thiab nyob rau hauv muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob yuav tsis siv rau ntaub plaub, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam protein fibers.
Yog li ntawd, vulcanized dyes feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv dyeing ntawm cellulose fibers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub dyeing ntawm maub cov khoom ntawm paj rwb fabrics, uas muaj ob peb xim.sulfur dubthiabsulfur xiav
sulfur tsaus xim av gd sulfur xim av dye
sulfur liab xim liab lgf
sulfur xim av 10 daj xim av xim
sulfur daj 2 daj hmoov
sulfur bordeaux 3b sulfur liab hmoov
yog cov siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Thib ob, dyeing mechanism ntawm sulfide dyes
Cov sulfide dye yog txo thiab yaj rau hauv cov tshuaj zas xim, thiab cov xim leucochroma tsim yog adsorbed los ntawm cellulose fibers thiab kho los ntawm huab cua oxidation kom cov cellulose fibers qhia cov xim uas xav tau.Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv formula yog
DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Cov sulfide dye niam txiv tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fiber ntau, thiab nws cov qauv muaj cov sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) los yog polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), uas txo mus rau hydrogen sulfide pawg (1. SNa) nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm sodium sulfide txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab dhau los ua leucochromic sodium ntsev soluble hauv dej.Yog vim li cas vim li cas leucochromes muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov cellulose fibers yog tias cov molecules ntawm dyes loj dua, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua loj dua van der Waals rog thiab hydrogen bonding rog ntawm cov fibers.
Iii.Classification ntawm sulfur dyes
Sulfide dyes tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg:
1, hmoov sulfide dye
Dye qauv qauv: DSSD, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv sodium sulfide boiling, yaj tom qab daim ntawv thov.
2, hydrolytic sulfide dyes
Dye qauv qauv: D-SSO3Na, hom dye no yog ua los ntawm sodium sulfite los yog sodium bisulfite kev kho mob ntawm ib txwm sulfide dyes, dyes muaj cov dej-soluble pawg, yog li dej-soluble, tab sis cov dye tsis muaj cov tshuaj txo, tsis muaj affinity. rau fibers, feem ntau saws suspension ncoo dyeing txoj kev thov rau ntawm ntaub.
3, kua sulfide dye
Cov mis loj ntawm cov qauv dye yog: D-SNa, muaj qee tus nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, cov dye yog pre-txo rau hauv soluble leptochroma.
Ua ntej xyoo 1936, cov vulcanized dye yog nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv raws li nws daim ntawv coj mus muag.Thaum siv, cov hmoov vulcanized dye yog co-heated rau boil nrog lub vulcanized, dej qab zib tshauv aqueous tov kom yaj nws.Xyoo 1936, John Le Clester ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua kom txo qis zoo, ruaj khov sulfide dye concentrated tov, thiab tau txais patent, uas tam sim no hu ua kua sulfide dye.
4, ib puag ncig-phooj ywg sulfide dye
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm, nws yog refined rau hauv dye leaches, tab sis cov sulfur cov ntsiab lus thiab polysulfide cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg tshaj li cov sulfide dyes zoo tib yam.Cov xim muaj purity siab, ruaj khov txo qib thiab zoo permeability.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, binary txo tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov piam thaj thiab kev pov hwm hmoov yog siv rau hauv cov xim da dej, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo cov sulfide dye tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Plaub, txheej txheem dyeing ntawm sulfide dyes
Cov txheej txheem vulcanization dyeing tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem hauv qab no:
1. Txo cov dyes
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txo thiab yaj sulfide dyes, thiab sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo, uas kuj ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev alkali.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov leucophore los ntawm hydrolyzed, cov tshuaj xws li dej qab zib tshauv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv kom tsim nyog, tab sis txo qis da dej alkaline tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog heev, txwv tsis pub cov xim txo qis yuav qeeb.
2, cov xim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dye yog adsorbed los ntawm fiber
Lub leucophore ntawm sulfide dye muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj zas xim, nws muaj cov khoom ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber, yuav adsorbed rau ntawm fiber ntau nto thiab diffused rau hauv fiber ntau sab hauv.Cov cuab yeej ncaj qha ntawm sulfur dyes rau cellulose fibers yog qhov tsawg, feem ntau yog siv cov da dej me me, thaum ntxiv cov electrolytes tsim nyog, ntawm qhov kub siab tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi dyeing, leveling thiab permeability.
3, kev kho oxidation
Tom qab dyeing ntawm fiber ntau, sulfur dye leuco yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim uas xav tau.Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab dyeing ntawm vulcanized dyes.Qhov yooj yim oxidized vulcanized dye tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab dyeing los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab qhov cua, uas yog, huab cua oxidation txoj kev;Rau qee cov sulfide dyes uas tsis yooj yim rau oxidize, oxidizing neeg sawv cev yog siv los txhawb oxidation.
4. Tom qab ua tiav
Tom qab kev kho mob muaj xws li ntxuav, oiling, anti-embrittlement thiab xim kho.Sulfur dyes yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab dyeing kom txo cov seem seem ntawm cov ntaub thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub brittleness, vim hais tias cov sulfur nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab cov sulfur nyob rau hauv alkali sulfide yog ib qho yooj yim rau oxidize nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau acid. hydrolysis ntawm cellulose fiber thiab txo lub zog ntawm fiber brittleness.Yog li, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv brittleness, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab soaping ceev ntawm vulcanized dyes, xim tuaj yeem kho tom qab dyeing.Muaj ob txoj kev kho xim kho: hlau ntsev kho (xws li: potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab sib tov ntawm cov ntsev no) thiab cationic xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas kho.
dub thiab vulcanized xiav yog feem ntau siv.
Thib ob, dyeing mechanism ntawm sulfide dyes
Cov sulfide dye yog txo thiab yaj rau hauv cov tshuaj zas xim, thiab cov xim leucochroma tsim yog adsorbed los ntawm cellulose fibers thiab kho los ntawm huab cua oxidation kom cov cellulose fibers qhia cov xim uas xav tau.Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv formula yog
DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Cov sulfide dye niam txiv tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fiber ntau, thiab nws cov qauv muaj cov sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) los yog polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), uas txo mus rau hydrogen sulfide pawg (1. SNa) nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm sodium sulfide txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab dhau los ua leucochromic sodium ntsev soluble hauv dej.Yog vim li cas vim li cas leucochromes muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov cellulose fibers yog tias cov molecules ntawm dyes loj dua, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua loj dua van der Waals rog thiab hydrogen bonding rog ntawm cov fibers.
Iii.Classification ntawm sulfur dyes
Sulfide dyes tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg:
1, hmoov sulfide dye
Dye qauv qauv: DSSD, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv sodium sulfide boiling, yaj tom qab daim ntawv thov.
2, hydrolytic sulfide dyes
Dye qauv qauv: D-SSO3Na, hom dye no yog ua los ntawm sodium sulfite los yog sodium bisulfite kev kho mob ntawm ib txwm sulfide dyes, dyes muaj cov dej-soluble pawg, yog li dej-soluble, tab sis cov dye tsis muaj cov tshuaj txo, tsis muaj affinity. rau fibers, feem ntau saws suspension ncoo dyeing txoj kev thov ntawm cov ntaub.3, kua sulfide dye
Cov mis loj ntawm cov qauv dye yog: D-SNa, muaj qee tus nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, cov dye yog pre-txo rau hauv soluble leptochroma.
Ua ntej xyoo 1936, cov vulcanized dye yog nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv raws li nws daim ntawv coj mus muag.Thaum siv, cov hmoov vulcanized dye yog co-heated rau boil nrog lub vulcanized, dej qab zib tshauv aqueous tov kom yaj nws.Xyoo 1936, John Le Clester ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua kom txo qis zoo, ruaj khov sulfide dye concentrated tov, thiab tau txais patent, uas tam sim no hu ua kua sulfide dye.
4, ib puag ncig-phooj ywg sulfide dye
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm, nws yog refined rau hauv dye leaches, tab sis cov sulfur cov ntsiab lus thiab polysulfide cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg tshaj li cov sulfide dyes zoo tib yam.Cov xim muaj purity siab, ruaj khov txo qib thiab zoo permeability.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, binary txo tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov piam thaj thiab kev pov hwm hmoov yog siv rau hauv cov xim da dej, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo cov sulfide dye tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Plaub, txheej txheem dyeing ntawm sulfide dyes
Cov txheej txheem vulcanization dyeing tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem hauv qab no:
1. Txo cov dyes
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txo thiab yaj sulfide dyes, thiab sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo, uas kuj ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev alkali.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov leucophore los ntawm hydrolyzed, cov tshuaj xws li dej qab zib tshauv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv kom tsim nyog, tab sis txo qis da dej alkaline tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog heev, txwv tsis pub cov xim txo qis yuav qeeb.
2, cov xim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dye yog adsorbed los ntawm fiber
Lub leucophore ntawm sulfide dye muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj zas xim, nws muaj cov khoom ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber, yuav adsorbed rau ntawm fiber ntau nto thiab diffused rau hauv fiber ntau sab hauv.Cov cuab yeej ncaj qha ntawm sulfur dyes rau cellulose fibers yog qhov tsawg, feem ntau yog siv cov da dej me me, thaum ntxiv cov electrolytes tsim nyog, ntawm qhov kub siab tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi dyeing, leveling thiab permeability.
3, kev kho oxidation
Tom qab dyeing ntawm fiber ntau, sulfur dye leuco yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim uas xav tau.Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab dyeing ntawm vulcanized dyes.Qhov yooj yim oxidized vulcanized dye tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab dyeing los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab qhov cua, uas yog, huab cua oxidation txoj kev;Rau qee cov sulfide dyes uas tsis yooj yim rau oxidize, oxidizing neeg sawv cev yog siv los txhawb oxidation.
4. Tom qab ua tiav
Tom qab kev kho mob muaj xws li ntxuav, oiling, anti-embrittlement thiab xim kho.Sulfur dyes yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab dyeing kom txo cov seem seem ntawm cov ntaub thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub brittleness, vim hais tias cov sulfur nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab cov sulfur nyob rau hauv alkali sulfide yog ib qho yooj yim rau oxidize nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau acid. hydrolysis ntawm cellulose fiber thiab txo lub zog ntawm fiber brittleness.Yog li, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv brittleness, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab soaping ceev ntawm vulcanized dyes, xim tuaj yeem kho tom qab dyeing.Muaj ob txoj kev kho xim kho: hlau ntsev kho (xws li: potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab sib tov ntawm cov ntsev no) thiab cationic xim kho tus neeg saib xyuas kho.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-19-2023