Koj paub ntau npaum li cas txog cov xim sulfur?

Cov xim sulfide yog ib hom xim uas muaj sulfur nrog cov qauv molecular nyuaj. Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qee cov aromatic amines, aminophenols thiab lwm yam organic compounds uas tau rhaub nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide, uas yog, vulcanized.

Cov xim sulfide feem ntau tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab thaum zas xim, lawv yuav tsum tau yaj hauv sodium sulfide lossis alkaline hmoov kua kom txo cov leaches, thiab tom qab ntawd oxidized kom pom xim tom qab nqus cov fiber.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov xim sulfur

Txij li xyoo 1873 los, cov xim vulcanized tau tsim los rau kev zas xim cellulose fiber thawj zaug, thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim heev, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov amines aromatic lossis phenolic compounds sib xyaw nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide thiab cua sov. Tus nqi qis, yooj yim siv, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm mob qog noj ntshav, nrog kev ntxuav zoo thiab lub hnub ci, yog ib qho xim nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov xim tsis yaj hauv dej, thaum zas xim, lawv raug txo kom yaj cov ntsev lemony sodium hauv alkali sulfide kua, tom qab zas xim tib neeg fiber, tom qab oxidation los ua lub xeev tsis yaj tas rau ntawm cov fiber, yog li cov txheej txheem zas xim yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov plaub hau, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam protein fibers.

Yog li ntawd, cov xim vulcanized feem ntau siv rau hauv kev zas xim ntawm cov cellulose fibers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev zas xim ntawm cov khoom tsaus ntawm cov ntaub paj rwb, uas ob xim ntawm Sulfide dyes yog ib hom xim sulfur-muaj dyes nrog cov qauv molecular nyuaj. Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qee cov aromatic amines, aminophenols thiab lwm yam organic compounds rhaub nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide, uas yog, vulcanized.

Cov xim sulfide feem ntau tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab thaum zas xim, lawv yuav tsum tau yaj hauv sodium sulfide lossis alkaline hmoov kua kom txo cov leaches, thiab tom qab ntawd oxidized kom pom xim tom qab nqus cov fiber.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov xim sulfur

Txij li xyoo 1873 los, cov xim vulcanized tau tsim los rau kev zas xim cellulose fiber thawj zaug, thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim heev, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov amines aromatic lossis phenolic compounds sib xyaw nrog sulfur lossis sodium polysulfide thiab cua sov. Tus nqi qis, yooj yim siv, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm mob qog noj ntshav, nrog kev ntxuav zoo thiab lub hnub ci, yog ib qho xim nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov xim tsis yaj hauv dej, thaum zas xim, lawv raug txo kom yaj cov ntsev lemony sodium hauv alkali sulfide kua, tom qab zas xim tib neeg fiber, tom qab oxidation los ua lub xeev tsis yaj tas rau ntawm cov fiber, yog li cov txheej txheem zas xim yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov plaub hau, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam protein fibers.

Yog li ntawd, cov xim vulcanized feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev zas xim ntawm cov cellulose fibers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev zas xim ntawm cov khoom tsaus ntawm cov ntaub paj rwb, uas ntau xim ntawmdub sulfurthiabxiav sulfur

sulfur tsaus xim av gd sulfur xim av zas xim
xim liab sulfur liab lgf
xim av daj sulfur 10 xim av daj
sulfur daj 2 hmoov daj
sulfur bordeaux 3b sulfur liab hmoov

yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws.

Qhov thib ob, lub tshuab zas xim ntawm sulfide dyes

Cov xim sulfide raug txo thiab yaj rau hauv cov kua xim, thiab cov xim leucochroma tsim yog adsorbed los ntawm cellulose fibers thiab kho los ntawm huab cua oxidation kom ua rau cov cellulose fibers qhia cov xim xav tau. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog

DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3

Tus niam txiv sulfide zas xim tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fiber, thiab nws cov qauv muaj cov sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) lossis polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), uas raug txo kom ua pawg hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm sodium sulfide txo cov neeg sawv cev, thiab dhau los ua cov ntsev leucochromic sodium soluble hauv dej. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas leucochromes muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cellulose fibers yog tias cov molecules ntawm cov zas xim loj dua, uas ua rau muaj cov rog van der Waals loj dua thiab cov rog hydrogen bonding ntawm cov fibers.

Iii. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov xim sulfur

Cov xim sulfide muaj peev xwm muab faib ua plaub pawg:

1, hmoov sulfide zas xim

Cov qauv dav dav ntawm cov qauv zas xim: DSSD, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv sodium sulfide boiling, yaj tom qab thov.

2, cov xim hydrolytic sulfide

Cov qauv zas xim dav dav: D-SSO3Na, hom zas xim no yog ua los ntawm sodium sulfite lossis sodium bisulfite kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj sulfide dyes, cov zas xim muaj cov pab pawg dej-soluble, yog li dej-soluble, tab sis cov zas xim tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev txo qis, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fibers, feem ntau siv txoj kev ncua pad dyeing siv rau ntawm daim ntaub.

3, kua sulfide zas xim

Cov mis dav dav ntawm cov qauv zas xim yog: D-SNa, muaj qee qhov ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txo qis, cov xim zas xim raug txo ua ntej rau hauv cov leptochroma soluble.

Ua ntej xyoo 1936, cov xim vulcanized yog ua hmoov raws li nws daim ntawv lag luam. Thaum siv, cov xim vulcanized hmoov tau ua kom sov nrog cov kua dej vulcanized, soda ash kom yaj nws. Xyoo 1936, John Le Clester ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua cov tshuaj sulfide zas uas tau txo qis ua ntej, ruaj khov, thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, uas tam sim no hu ua kua sulfide zas.

4, ib puag ncig-phooj ywg sulfide zas xim

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nws raug ua kom zoo rau hauv cov xim pleev xim, tab sis cov ntsiab lus sulfur thiab cov ntsiab lus polysulfide qis dua li cov xim sulfide ib txwm muaj. Cov xim pleev xim muaj qhov huv siab, qib kev txo qis ruaj khov thiab permeability zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sawv cev txo qis binary ntawm glucose thiab hmoov pov hwm siv rau hauv chav da dej xim, uas tsis tsuas yog txo cov xim sulfide xwb tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

Plaub, cov txheej txheem dyeing ntawm sulfide dyes

Cov txheej txheem dyeing vulcanization tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Txo cov xim pleev xim

Nws yooj yim heev rau kev txo thiab yaj cov xim sulfide, thiab sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, uas kuj ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev alkali. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau leucophore los ntawm hydrolyzed, cov tshuaj xws li soda tshauv tuaj yeem ntxiv kom raug, tab sis lub da dej txo qis alkaline tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog dhau, txwv tsis pub tus nqi txo qis xim yuav qeeb.

2, cov xim zas hauv cov kua xim zas yog adsorbed los ntawm cov fiber

Cov xim sulfide leucophore muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion hauv cov kua xim, nws muaj cov khoom ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber, tuaj yeem adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber thiab diffused rau hauv cov fiber sab hauv. Cov khoom ncaj qha ntawm cov xim sulfur rau cellulose fibers yog qis, feem ntau siv qhov sib piv me me ntawm da dej, thaum ntxiv cov electrolytes tsim nyog, ntawm qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev zas xim, qib thiab permeability.

3, kev kho oxidation

Tom qab zas xim rau ntawm cov fiber, cov xim sulfur leuco yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim xav tau. Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab zas xim ntawm cov xim vulcanized. Cov xim vulcanized yooj yim oxidized tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab zas xim los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab cua nkag, uas yog, txoj kev oxidation cua; Rau qee cov xim sulfide uas tsis yooj yim rau oxidize, cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing yog siv los txhawb kev oxidation.

4. Kev ua tiav tom qab

Kev kho tom qab muaj xws li kev ntxuav, kev pleev roj, kev tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab kev kho xim. Cov xim sulfur yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab zas xim kom txo cov sulfur seem ntawm daim ntaub thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm daim ntaub, vim tias cov sulfur hauv cov xim thiab cov sulfur hauv alkali sulfide yooj yim rau oxidize hauv huab cua los tsim cov sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau cov kua qaub hydrolysis ntawm cov cellulose fiber thiab txo qhov muaj zog ntawm cov fiber brittleness. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev tawg, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab kev ceev ntawm cov xim vulcanized, xim tuaj yeem kho tom qab zas xim. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kho xim: kev kho ntsev hlau (xws li: potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab cov ntsev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsev no) thiab kev kho xim cationic.

dub thiab vulcanized xiav yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws.

Qhov thib ob, lub tshuab zas xim ntawm sulfide dyes

Cov xim sulfide raug txo thiab yaj rau hauv cov kua xim, thiab cov xim leucochroma tsim yog adsorbed los ntawm cellulose fibers thiab kho los ntawm huab cua oxidation kom ua rau cov cellulose fibers qhia cov xim xav tau. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog

DS-SO3Na + Na2S → D-SNa + Na2S2O3

Tus niam txiv sulfide zas xim tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fiber, thiab nws cov qauv muaj cov sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) lossis polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), uas raug txo kom ua pawg hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm sodium sulfide txo cov neeg sawv cev, thiab dhau los ua cov ntsev leucochromic sodium soluble hauv dej. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas leucochromes muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cellulose fibers yog tias cov molecules ntawm cov zas xim loj dua, uas ua rau muaj cov rog van der Waals loj dua thiab cov rog hydrogen bonding ntawm cov fibers.

Iii. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov xim sulfur

Cov xim sulfide muaj peev xwm muab faib ua plaub pawg:

1, hmoov sulfide zas xim

Cov qauv dav dav ntawm cov qauv zas xim: DSSD, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv sodium sulfide boiling, yaj tom qab thov.

2, cov xim hydrolytic sulfide

Cov qauv zas xim dav dav: D-SSO3Na, hom zas xim no yog ua los ntawm sodium sulfite lossis sodium bisulfite kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj sulfide dyes, cov zas xim muaj cov dej-soluble pawg, yog li dej-soluble, tab sis cov zas xim tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev txo qis, tsis muaj affinity rau cov fibers, feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem dyeing suspension pad siv rau ntawm daim ntaub.3, kua sulfide zas xim

Cov mis dav dav ntawm cov qauv zas xim yog: D-SNa, muaj qee qhov ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txo qis, cov xim zas xim raug txo ua ntej rau hauv cov leptochroma soluble.

Ua ntej xyoo 1936, cov xim vulcanized yog ua hmoov raws li nws daim ntawv lag luam. Thaum siv, cov xim vulcanized hmoov tau ua kom sov nrog cov kua dej vulcanized, soda ash kom yaj nws. Xyoo 1936, John Le Clester ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua cov tshuaj sulfide zas uas tau txo qis ua ntej, ruaj khov, thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj, uas tam sim no hu ua kua sulfide zas.

4, ib puag ncig-phooj ywg sulfide zas xim

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nws raug ua kom zoo rau hauv cov xim pleev xim, tab sis cov ntsiab lus sulfur thiab cov ntsiab lus polysulfide qis dua li cov xim sulfide ib txwm muaj. Cov xim pleev xim muaj qhov huv siab, qib kev txo qis ruaj khov thiab permeability zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sawv cev txo qis binary ntawm glucose thiab hmoov pov hwm siv rau hauv chav da dej xim, uas tsis tsuas yog txo cov xim sulfide xwb tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

Plaub, cov txheej txheem dyeing ntawm sulfide dyes

Cov txheej txheem dyeing vulcanization tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Txo cov xim pleev xim

Nws yooj yim heev rau kev txo thiab yaj cov xim sulfide, thiab sodium sulfide feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, uas kuj ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev alkali. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau leucophore los ntawm hydrolyzed, cov tshuaj xws li soda tshauv tuaj yeem ntxiv kom raug, tab sis lub da dej txo qis alkaline tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog dhau, txwv tsis pub tus nqi txo qis xim yuav qeeb.

2, cov xim zas hauv cov kua xim zas yog adsorbed los ntawm cov fiber

Cov xim sulfide leucophore muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev anion hauv cov kua xim, nws muaj cov khoom ncaj qha rau cellulose fiber, tuaj yeem adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber thiab diffused rau hauv cov fiber sab hauv. Cov khoom ncaj qha ntawm cov xim sulfur rau cellulose fibers yog qis, feem ntau siv qhov sib piv me me ntawm da dej, thaum ntxiv cov electrolytes tsim nyog, ntawm qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev zas xim, qib thiab permeability.

3, kev kho oxidation

Tom qab zas xim rau ntawm cov fiber, cov xim sulfur leuco yuav tsum tau oxidized kom pom cov xim xav tau. Oxidation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom qab zas xim ntawm cov xim vulcanized. Cov xim vulcanized yooj yim oxidized tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm huab cua tom qab zas xim los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab cua nkag, uas yog, txoj kev oxidation cua; Rau qee cov xim sulfide uas tsis yooj yim rau oxidize, cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing yog siv los txhawb kev oxidation.

4. Kev ua tiav tom qab

Kev kho tom qab muaj xws li kev ntxuav, kev pleev roj, kev tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab kev kho xim. Cov xim sulfur yuav tsum tau ntxuav tag nrho tom qab zas xim kom txo cov sulfur seem ntawm daim ntaub thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm daim ntaub, vim tias cov sulfur hauv cov xim thiab cov sulfur hauv alkali sulfide yooj yim rau oxidize hauv huab cua los tsim cov sulfuric acid, uas yuav ua rau cov kua qaub hydrolysis ntawm cov cellulose fiber thiab txo qhov muaj zog ntawm cov fiber brittleness. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem kho nrog cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev tawg, xws li: urea, trisodium phosphate, pob txha kua nplaum, sodium acetate, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnub ci thiab kev ceev ntawm cov xim vulcanized, xim tuaj yeem kho tom qab zas xim. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kho xim: kev kho ntsev hlau (xws li: potassium dichromate, tooj liab sulfate, tooj liab acetate thiab cov ntsev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsev no) thiab kev kho xim cationic.